- Reduced Expression of Claudin-7 Correlates with Invasiveness and Nuclear Grade of Breast Carcinomas.
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Sang Hee Seok, Su Hwan Kang, Soo Jung Lee, Tae Yoon Hwang, Young Kyung Bae
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Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(3):158-164.
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 Abstract
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- Background
: Claudins are important components of the tight junctions in the intercellular barriers and cell polarity.
Among them, claudin-7 is down-regulated in breast cancers compared with the normal breast epithelium. The aim of this study was to determine the expression pattern and prognostic value of claudin-7 in breast carcinomas.
Methods
: Claudin-7 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 42 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and in 142 cases of invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) using a tissue microarray (TMA).
Results
: Claudin- 7 was strongly expressed in the normal luminal epithelial cells in the breast lobule. The level of claudin-7 expression was significantly lower or absent in 45.2% (19/42) of DCIS and 72.5% (103/142) of IBC. A loss or reduced expression of claudin-7 correlated with the invasiveness (p=0.001) of breast carcinomas and a high nuclear grade (p=0.013) in IBC.
Conclusion
Claudin-7 is an important tight junction protein in the breast and a loss of expression may assist in the dissociation and invasion of tumor cells.
- Telomerase mRNA Expression by In Situ Hybridization in Premalignant Lesions and Carcinomas of the Breast.
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Young Kyung Bae, Dong Sug Kim, Soo Jung Lee, Koing Bo Kwun
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Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(1):53-59.
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Abstract
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- BACKGROUND
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein, DNA polymerase that synthesizes telomere repeats onto chromosomal ends and maintains telomere length. Telomerase activity has been detected in a broad range of human malignant neoplasms, but not in normal somatic cells. So, activation of telomerase may represent an essential step in the malignant transformation of cells. However, the expression of telomerase in premalignant lesions remains relatively unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the reactivation of telomerase in the carcinogenesis of human breast tissue.
METHODS
In situ hybridization for the telomerase RNA component (human telomerase mRNA; hTR) was used in a normal breast tissue (n=41), florid ductal hyperplasia (FDH) (n=10), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (n=3), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) (n=44) and invasive carcinoma (n=33). hTR expression in relation to p53 status and the pathologic parameters in breast cancer was also studied.
RESULTS
Expression of hTR was demonstrated in 13 samples (31.7%) of normal breast tissues, 4 (40%) of FDH, 3 (100%) of ADH, 42 (95.5%) of DCIS, and 33 (100%) of invasive carcinoma. The rate of hTR expression of ADH was significantly different from that of FDH (p<0.05), and there were no differences in hTR expression rates among ADH, DCIS and invasive carcinomas. There was no correlation between hTR expression and nuclear grade, tumor size, and p53 status in invasive carcinomas.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that telomerase activation may be an early event and an essential step in the carcinogenesis of human breast tissue, and that telomerase has no correlations with p53 status and prognostic parameters.
- Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast: A clinicopathologic study of 16 cases.
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Young Kyung Bae, Dong Sug Kim, Mi Jin Kim, Soo Jung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(4):267-273.
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Abstract
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- Invasive micropapillary carcinoma is a recently defined unusual variant of invasive breast carcinoma characterized by the formation of micropapillae within clear spaces separated by delicate fibrocollagenous stroma. This study was designed to examine clinicopathologic features of invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast. Sixteen cases of invasive micropapillary carcinoma were retrieved from the files of the Department of Pathology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine. We evaluated their clinicopathologic findings including patients' age, tumor size, nuclear grade, vascular invasion, axillary lymph node status, presence of extensive intraductal carcinoma, estrogen and progesterone receptors, p53, c-erbB-2, MIB-1 labelling index and follow-up data and compared this results with those of 292 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified. The incidence of invasive micropapillary carcinoma was 4.2% of all invasive breast carcinoma, and the mean age of the patients was 46 years.
Nine cases were pure form (over 75% of micropapillary growth pattern in the tumor) and seven cases were mixed form. The results of clinicopathologic findings, except vascular invasion and axillary lymph node status, of the 16 cases of invasive micropapillary carcinoma were not different from those of the 292 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified (p>0.05). However, the rate of vascular invasion and axillary lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in invasive micropapillary carcinoma (p <0.05). Of 16 cases, five cases had distant metastasis during follow-up period, and one patient died of cancer.
Although the mechanism of higher vascular invasion and lymph node metastasis in micropapillary growth pattern could not be determined, we propose that invasive micropapillary carcinoma should be recognized as a separate entity with increased risks of vascular invasion and axillary lymph node metastsis.
- The Significance of Nuclear Size in Nuclear Grade of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.
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Young Kyung Bae, Dong Sug Kim, Hye Jung Choi, Mi Jin Gu, Soo Jung Lee, Jea Young Lee
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1999;10(1):21-26.
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Abstract
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- To make the objective standard of nuclear size in grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, we measured maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections from 65 cases by using computer-based image analysis system(Optimas 6.0). The maximal diameter of red blood cells were also measured to evaluate the ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells. The mean values of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells on imprint cytology slides and histologic sections were 7.56 micrometer, 7.53 micrometer in nuclear grade 1, 8.92+/-0.98 micrometer, 9.02+/-0.74 micrometer in nuclear grade 2, and 12.90+/-1.47 micrometer, 12.44+/-1.41 micrometer in nuclear grade 3, respectively.
There were no significant differences between values of imprint cytology and histologic section. The ratio of maximal nuclear diameter of tumor cells to maximal diameter of red blood cells were 1.3-1.4:1 in nuclear grade 1, 1.6-1.7:1 in nuclear grade 2, and 2.2-2.3:1 in nuclear grade 3. These values would be guidelines for grading nuclear pleomorphism of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast on routine surgical pathology work.
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Cathepsin-D Expression in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast.
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Young Gyung Bae, Dae Hong Suh, Dong Sug Kim, Soo Jung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(8):735-744.
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Abstract
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- This study was conducted to assess the prognostic value of tumor angiogenesis and Cathepsin-D in breast carcinoma, by correlating them with other clinicopathologic prognostic factors. In order to estimate microvessels within the tumor, an immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies for factor VIII-related antigens (DAKO-vWf, F8/86) was used, and they were counted (perx200 field) in the most active areas of neovascularization. For the expression of Cathepsin-D, an immunohistochemical method using monoclonal antibodies (Novocastra, NCL-CDm) was performed. The microvessel count ranged from 8 to 346 per x200 field and the mean (+/-SD) was 72.46+/-54.96. The microvessel count was correlated with the estrogen receptor status, and it was also correlated with the tumor size when it was graded into four groups (1-33, 34-67, 68-100, >100), but was not correlated with other clinicopathologic parameters.
Cathepsin-D was expressed in 40% (46/115) of the cases, but it was statistically correlated with the tumor size only. In conclusion, the expression of Cathepsin D and the degree of angiogenesis in breast cancer showed a correlation with the tumor size only. Therefore, they do not appear to be good prognostic parameters, according to the present study.
- Expression of p53 Protein and c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein in Breast Carcinoma.
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Eun Hee Lee, Dong Sug Kim, Tae Sook Lee, Soo Jung Lee
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Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(5):596-606.
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Abstract
- This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of p53 and c-erbB-2 using immuno-histochemical methods in 145 primary breast carcinomas and to correlate it with other histo-pathological prognostic factors. Invasive ductal carcinoma represented 129 of the cases. Expression of p53 protein and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein was present in 48% (62/129) and 30% (39/129) of invasive ductal carcinomas, respectively. The expression of p53 protein was stongly associated with a high score of degree of differentiation (p<0.05), nuclear pleomorphism (p<0.05), mitotic index (p<0.05), SBR grade (p<0.05) and MSBR grade (p<0.05), but it was not associated with patient's age, size of tumor or axillary node metastasis. The overexpression of c-erbB-2 C-erbB-2 oncoprotein was strongly associated with a high score of nuclear pleomorphism and a high SBR grade (p<0.05), but not associated with patient's age, size of tumor, axillary node metastasis, degree of differentiation, mitotic index or MSBR grade. An inverse relationship between the expression of p53 protein and estrogen receptor status was found, but the expression of c-erbB-2 was not associated with estrogen receptor status. It is concluded that p53 protein and c-erbB-2 oncoprotein are important prognostic factors in breast cancers, and that the aberrant expression of p53 protein is the most useful prognostic factor becausd of strong association of known histopathological prognostic factors and negative estrogen receptor status.
- p 53 Protein Expression in Imprint Cytology of Breast Carcinoma.
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Dong Sug Kim, Eun Hi Lee, Ki Kwon Kim, Mi Jin Kim, Soo Jung Lee
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Korean J Cytopathol. 1995;6(1):1-9.
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Abstract
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- This study was carried out to determine the usefulness of imprint cytology for detecting p 53 protein in breast carcinoma. NCL-DO7(Novocastra, U.K.) was used to detect p53 protein immunocytochemically. A total of 33 cases was studied. Immunostaining of imprint cytology with NCL-DO7 was positive in 64%(21\33) and showed relatively high coincident rate (80 %) with immunostaining of formalin-fixed, paraffin - embedded specimen. p 53 protein was related to negative estrogen receptor status, but not to the nuclear grade, lymph node metastasis, or tumor size. The fact that p53 protein expression was not related to nuclear grade might be due to predominance of nuclear grade 3. It was easier to determine the nuclear grade is one of the most important prognostic factors, in imprint cytology than in tissue specimen. p53 protein tended to be stained more strongly in imprint cytology than in tissue.
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